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Directions of Informatization of Education
at the University
PhD, Assoc. Prof. A. I. Dergachev, PhD S. A. Dergachev, PhD O. N. Kuranova, PhD, Assoc. Prof. A. M. Perepechenov Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University St. Petersburg, Russia d_ader@mail.ru, deburg@mail.ru, olga_kuranova@mail.ru, ddamper@yandex.ru
Abstract. The most important aspects of mastering a teacher by teaching methods using modern technical teaching aids and based on them new information technologies are considered. In particular, the application features of computer-aided training aids are described. The study strategies of the academic discipline are described, which includes various forms of training and a reasonable ratio of training with the use of a computer and without it.
The intensification of training in the world practice is considered as a process of its Informatization and industrialization on the basis of the introduction of new information technologies, integrated introduction of computer technology and telecommunications in educational activities. Therefore, the creation and introduction of new information technologies in the educational process of our University is now considered one of the most important tasks of its development [1, 2].
One of the most important aspects of pedagogical technology is the methodological aspect — the teacher&s mastery of teaching methods with the use of modern technical means of education (TME) and based on them new information technologies [3, 4].
Teaching methods are chosen by the teacher. The teaching method is based on figure 1 on the basis of philosophy, specialty and psychological processes. It depends on age physiology, pedagogical psychology, professional training and the use of technical means of teaching TME.
TME are distinguished by the nature of their direct impact, by methods of absorption by the organs of vision and hearing, or both at the same time. To implement the functions of information presentation, various recording, storage and playback devices can be introduced into the TME complex. Simulators, simulators of real objects, laboratory equipment are used to increase the activity of students in various forms of training sessions. In addition, to improve the performance of students in the complex TME may include means of implementation of functional music, hypnopedia and relaxation.
TME can be used for different purposes — both autonomously and in complexes, the composition of which is determined by specific tasks.
According to one of the most common classifications, all existing TSO are divided into three categories: information, training and control. Category educational TME is a compound
of information and regulatory categories of TME [1, 5, 6].
The term «informatization of training» will be understood as the process of production, distribution and use of information and information services in training based on the introduction of computer methods and means of collecting, processing, searching, issuing and storing information. material; sending training materials on computer communications; video broadcasts of training programs, etc. [4, 5, 7].
Continuous computerization and application of computer technology in all areas was initially taken as an axiom. Is this the case in education? Note the following main features of the use of computer tools in training.
- Computerization of the educational process covers only part of the cognitive activity.
- When particular importance is attached to learning through practice and experience that cannot be expressed in a formal description, attempts transfer them into the language of machines is ineffective.
- When teaching practical knowledge, the teacher conveys the culture of any professional activity, i.e. provides a link between generations. This is where the superiority of human knowledge over machine knowledge is manifested.
For such a traditionally basic form of education as a lecture, the computer cannot replace live communication with the teacher.
In the world practice, modern information technologies should provide:
- shipping to the trainees of the basic amount of educational material;
- interactive interaction of students and teachers
- in the learning process;
- providing the trainees opportunities for independent work;
- democratic assessment of knowledge and skills acquired.
To achieve these goals, the following computer information technologies have been used: work in the environment of automated training systems (ATS); presentation support for the supply of educational material; work in the environment of virtual laboratories; testing and automated control of the level of assimilation of educational. The computer may not be able to focus on the main idea of the learning process as effectively as the teacher, timbre coloring and voice modulation will not be able to make the learner get carried away with the idea as with live learning.
Original Russian text © A.I. Dergachev, S.A. Dergachev, O.N. Kuranova, A.M. Perepechenov published in Innovative Technologies in Construction and Ge-oecology. Proceedings of the VI International scientific and practical Internet conference, April 16, 2019, St. Petersburg, Moscow, Sputnik Plus Publishing House, 2019, Pp. 97-103.
Subject area of expertise
Technical training tools (TTT)
Method of application TTT
Fig. 1. Sources of formation of teaching methods
However, as illustrating the control and TSO computer more effective than slides, charts, etc. static TSO. What is the secret of this efficiency?
Based on the analysis of the above features of the use of computer TCO, the strategy of studying the discipline, which includes various forms of training, should provide a reasonable ratio of training using a computer and without it [4, 7]. This gives a clear idea of the true place of computers in the learning process:
- Computers by their very nature are unable to cancel any creative pedagogical work, the responsibilities of the teacher to educate the students.
- Computers do not eliminate the need for persistent learning and deep understanding of educational material by students.
- Computer and software and information products act as a means of improving the efficiency and quality of training by automating the management of joint activities of the teacher and trainees [1, 5, 7, 8].
- The inclusion of software and information products and methods of their application in the standard educational-methodical complex of the discipline allows us to talk about the creation of an automated educational-methodical complex (AEMC) of this discipline, the typical composition of which is shown in figure 2.
The main principle proposed as a basis for the development and application of AEMC in the educational process: not a replacement car of the teacher that combines in its activities the functions of training and education, and a reasonable synthesis of the possibilities of man and computer in the interests of solving the problems of education [1].
The teacher acts not only as an expert in the subject area, but also organizes and mainly monitors and makes decisions on the implementation of a set of activities to achieve General and private educational and educational goals of the training session:
- General management of the learner&s cognitive activity;
- presentation of the topic, training questions and literature used;
- transfer of new knowledge and skills in the subject area;
- acquisition of new knowledge about themselves;
- motivation, monitoring and evaluation, gap filling;
- repetition, generalization, consolidation;
- information on the course, conduct and results of the lesson;
- registration of achievements and development of educational material.
As can be seen, the ATS, in addition to the transfer of knowledge, also takes over the performance of part of the management and technical non-creative functions of the teacher, which is especially important in the independent study of educational material.
The use of AUM should provide each trainee with:
- ability to work at your own pace in accordance with their psychological and physiological characteristics and knowledge;
- democratic control and the objectivity of the evaluation of his knowledge;
- reduction in wastage of teaching time to support work to find educational information and getting the references;
- developing a sustainable habit of self-study;
- gaining experience in working with computers and knowledge of its application in solving practical problems.
The use of AUM in the classroom on the curriculum should allow the teacher:
- to achieve increase of productivity of the work at the expense of unloading from some types of technical non-creative work connected with issue of tasks, check of their performance, registration of results;
- receive statistical information on the course of the educational process, the work of individual students and training groups for analysis and informed pedagogical decisions;
- to provide a productive independent work of trainees;
- throughout the allocated teaching time at the expense of individualization of a dialogue with a computer program;
The development of new (high) information technologies leads to a rapid increase in the amount of knowledge that a modern specialist must possess in order to carry out active professional activities.
References
- to reduce the number of control and inspection of works carried out not in the specialized audience for the purpose of obtaining information about the results of the students work on the training material.
The main components of the automated educational and methodical complexes
Working curriculum for the discipline (development of the Department)
Methodical recommendations for traditional types
Training materials for traditional occupations
Training materials selected for computer training
Educational materialsf recorded on electronic media
C Methodological materials developed in relation to a specific software and information product v
Fig. 2. The structure of typical automated educational systems
Conference «Problems of Mathematical and Natural Science Training in Engineering Education» [Sbornik trudov IV Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-metodicheskoy konferentsii «Prob-lemy matematicheskoy i estestvennonauchnoy podgotovki v inzhenernom obrazovanii»], November 03, 2016, St. Petersburg, Volume 2, St. Petersburg, PSTU, 2017, P. 12-16.
kontrol& kak odin iz sposobov otsenki znaniy], Proceedings of the IVInternational Scientific and Methodological Conference «Problems of Mathematical and Natural Science Training in Engineering Education» [Sbornik trudov IVMezhdunarodnoy nauchno-metodicheskoy konferentsii «Problemy matematicheskoy i estestvennonauchnoy podgotovki v inzhenernom obrazovanii»], November 03, 2016, St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, PSTU, 2016, P. 68-70.
Направления информатизации обучения в вузе
к.в.н., доцент А. И. Дергачёв, к.э.н. С. А. Дергачёв, к.т.н. О. Н. Куранова, к.т.н., доцент А. М. Перепеченов Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I
Санкт-Петербург, Россия d_ader@mail.ru, deburg@mail.ru, olga_kuranova@mail.ru, ddamper@yandex.ru
Аннотация. Рассмотрены наиболее важные аспекты овладения педагогом методами преподавания с применением современных технических средств обучения и на их основе новыми информационными технологиями. В частности, описаны особенности применения компьютерных технических средств обучения. Охарактеризованы стратегии изучения учебной дисциплины, включающей в себя различные формы обучения и разумное соотношение обучения с использованием компьютера и без него.
