ABDULLA QAHHOR HIKOYALARINI O&RGANISHDA INNOVATSION
METODLAR
Shuhrat Alimbayevich Jumaniyozov Toshkent viloyati Chirchiq davlat pedagogika instituti
Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada o&zbek adibi Abdulla Qahhor "Bemor" va "O&g&ri" hikoyalarini yosh avlodga o&rgatishda qo&llaniluvchi innovatsion metodik tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan. Asosan quyidagi zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalardan foydalanilgan: "Atamalar izohi", "Muammoli vaziyat", "KZIX", "Besh bo&lakli matn", "Bu kimning nutqi?", "Mening fikrimcha...", "Chalkashtirish".
Kalit so&zlar: Yozuvchi, adabiyot, innovatsiya, metodika, pedagogik texnologiya.
INNOVATIVE METHODS IN STUDYING STORIES BY ABDULLA
Shuhrat Alimbayevich Jumaniyozov Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute of Tashkent region
Abstract: This article contains innovative methodological recommendations used in teaching the stories of the Uzbek writer Abdullah Qahhor "The Sick" and "The Thief" to the younger generation. The following modern pedagogical technologies were used: "Explanation of terms", "Problem situation", "Five-part text", "Whose speech is this?", "In my opinion...", "Confusion".
Bugungi kunda yosh avlodni tarbiyalashda, ularga bilim berishda dunyo tan olgan ilmiy-innovatsion pedagogik texnologiyalardan foydalanish davr talabi. Shuni inobatga olib biz pedagog-o&qituvchilar oldimizda juda katta mas&uliyat turibdi. Ushbu natijaga erishishda o&zbek adabiyotshunoslarining ilmiy meroslarini o&quvchilarga innovatsion metodlar orqali yetkazish maqsadga muvofiq. Bu usul orqali o&quvchilarning dunyoqarashini kengaytirishga o&z hissamizni qo&shgan bo&lamiz. O&zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti "Barchamizning kamol topishimizda o&zbek shoir va adiblarimizning - Olloh ularni rahmat qilsin- ulug& xizmatlari borligini doimo minnatdorlik bilan eslaymiz" - deb ta&kidlagan edi. Ana shu jihatdan Abdulla Qahhor ijodini o&rganish, tahlil qilish va yoshlarga yetkazish sharafli vazifadir.
Ma&lumki , 6 va 7- sinf adabiyot darsliklarida Abdulla Qahhorning "Bemor" va "O&g&ri" hikoyalari berilgan. Adabiy ta&limda yosh psixologiyasiga ko&ra 6 va 7-sinflarga dars o&tish jarayonida o&qituvchilarga ko&proq o&yin metodlardan foydalanish tavsiya etiladi. Bu usul o&quvchilar e&tiborini darsga jalb qilishda yordam beradi, albatta. Mening fikrimcha, Abdulla Qahhor hikoyalarini o&rgatishda o&ylantiradigan, muammoli vaziyat hosil qiluvchi va shu bilan birga o&quvchini darsga qiziqtiradigan metodlardan foydalanish samaralidir.
Abdulla Qahhor hikoyalari qisqa va ixcham satrlarda ulkan mazmun ifoda etishi bilan ahamiyatlidir. Adibning hikoyalarida ko&tarilgan ijtimoiy muammolar va insoniy tuyg&ular uyg&unligi kitobxonni chuqqurroq o&ylashga va fikrlashga undaydi. Ularni sodda tilda yangicha yondashuv asosida o&quvchiga yetkazib berish esa zamonaviy o&qituvchining asosiy vazifasidir.
Adabiy ta&limda "Bemor" hikoyasini o&quvchilarga o&rgatishda "Atamalar izohi", "Muammoli vaziyat", "KZIX" metodlaridan foydalanish yaxshi samara beradi.
"Atamalar izohi" metodi. Asardagi hozirgi kunda eskirib qolgan izvosh, oq podsho, qabza, oftobshuvoq, chilyosin, Sim, gavron kabi sozlarni doskaga yozib, ularni izohlab beriladi.
Izvosh ot qo&shilgan arava
Oq podsho O&sha davrdagi Rossiyaning podshosi
Qabza tutqich, dasta
Oftobshuvoq bahorgi, ta&sir kuchi kam, yoqimli oftob
Chilyosin Qur&onning "Yosin" surasini o&qish bilan bog&liq bo&lgan diniy odat, marosim
Sim Farg&ona shahrining eski nomi
Gavron tayoq, xivich
"Muammoli vaziyat" metodi.
Ushbu metod o&quvchilarni teran fikr yuritishga va muammolarni hal qilishga o&rgatadi.
Nega asar "Bemor" deb nomlangan?
Bemor dardining davosi nimada deb o&ylaysiz?
O&quvchilar bu topshiriqni quyidagicha bajarishadi:
1. Asar Sotiboldining bemor xotini haqida bo&lganligi uchun "Bemor" deb nomlangan.
2. Sotiboldining xotinini davolash uchun malakali shifokor kerak. Shifokorga olib borish uchun pul kerak. Sotiboldiga o&xshagan oddiy insonlarda o&z ehtiyojiga yetgulik pul bo&lishi uchun esa jamiyat taraqqiy etgan bo&lishi kerak. Jamiyatni taraqqiy qildirish uchun esa ilm-fan kerakdir!
3. Sotiboldi yashagan davr kishilarining barchasi bemor. Yani manaviy bemor. Tabib ham, baxshi ham, Abdug&aniboy va Sotiboldi ham-butun jamiyat bemor. Shu sababli hikoya "Bemor" deb nomlangan.
"KZIX" (Kuchli jihatlar, zaif tomonlar, imkoniyatlar, xavf-xatar) metodi
"Bemor" hikoyasini o&rganishda, timsollarga - Sotiboldi timsoliga tavsif berishda "KZIX" metodidan foydalanilsa, yaxshi samara beradi. O&quvchilar to&rtta guruhga ajratiladi, har bir guruh tavsifga olinayotgan subyektning bir tomoni haqida ma&lumot beradi (boshqa guruhlarga qo&shimcha qilish imkonini berish mumkin). "Bemor" hikoyasidagi Sotiboldi timsoliga tavsif berish uchun qo&llangan "KZIX" metodi quyidagicha bajarilishi kutiladi:
K (kuchli jihatlari) - Sotiboldi bilagida kuchi bor, 25-35 yoshlar chamasidagi (agar uning bitta qiz farzandi borligi inobatga olinsa) kishi.
Z (zaif tomonlari) - kambag&al, qo&lida arzigulik kasbi yo&q. Nochorlikdan, kambag&allikdan chiqishning aniq yo&llarini bilmaydi: sodda, ishonuvchan.
I (imkoniyatlar) - xalqimizda izlagan imkoniyat topadi, o&limdan boshqasining chorasi bor kabi hikmatli so&zlar yuradi. Sotiboldi o&z xo&jayini Abdug&aniboyni insofga chaqirishi, undan moddiy yordam olishi yoki atrofidagi odamlardan ko&mak so&rashi mumkin edi-ku. Sotiboldining birorta ham do&sti yo&qmikan?!
X (xavf-xatar) - yosh qizchasining onasiz qolishi, oilada ayol - ona bo&lmasligi; bemorni tuzatish uchun olingan qarz oila kelajagini ham barbod qilishi, chunki qarz yangi qarzlarning tug&ilishiga sabab bo&lishi...
"O&g&ri" hikoyasini o&rganish "Besh bo&lakli matn", "Maqol yoki ibora" "Bu kimning nutqi?", "Mening fikrimcha..." metodlaridan foydalanilsa o&quvchi o&zi uchun yangiliklar kashf qiladi.
"Besh bo&lakli matn" usuliga tayangan holda guruhlarga "O&g&ri" hikoyasi matni besh qismga ajratib beriladi. O&quvchilar matn bilan tanishadilar va uning mazmunini bir-birlariga yetkazadilar. Bunday usul qisqa vaqt ichida hikoya matni bilan tanishish imkoniyatini beradi. O&qituvchi hikoya matnini guruhlarga taqsimlaydi va har guruhdan matnni ifodali o&qish, mazmunini so&zlab berish, matndagi eskirgan va tarixiy so&zlarning ma&nosini izohlash kabi vazifalarni topshiradi.
"Chalkashtirish " metodi. Bunda hikoyadagi barcha ibora va maqollar aralash holda yoziladi. O&quvchilar esa ularni bir biridan farqlaydilar va mazmunini
izohlaydilar. Bunda o&qituvchi o&quvchilarni nafaqat adabiyot fanidan balki ona tilidan ham bilimini tekshirgan bo&ladi, ya&ni fanlararo integratsiyani amalga oshiradi. Otning o&limi itning bayrami; Dehqonning uyi kuysa kuysin, ho&kizi yo&qolmasin; Qozonni suvga tashlab qo&yish kerak bo&ladi; Tekinga mushuk oftobga chiqmaydi; Quruq qoshiq og&iz yirtadi; Tepa sochi tikka bo&ldi;
Fuqaroning arzga borishi arbobning izzati bo&ladi; Begim deguncha kishining beli sinar ekan; O&ynashmagil arbob bilan — seni urar har bob bilan; Peshonam sho&r bo&lmasa.
Maqol Ibora
• Otning o&limi itning bayrami • Dehqonning uyi kuysa kuysin, ho&kizi yo&qolmasin • Fuqaroning arzga borishi arbobning izzati bo&ladi! • Begim deguncha kishining beli sinar ekan. • O&ynashmagil arbob bilan — seni urar harbob bilan • Quruq qoshiq og&iz yirtadi, • Tepa sochi tikka bo&ldi • Peshonam sho&r bo&lmasa • Xudo xayr bersin
"Bu kimning nutqi?" usuli yordamida har uchala guruhga alohida hikoya qahramonlarining (amin va pristav) nutqi yozilgan audiomatn eshittiriladi va ular bu nutq qaysi qahramonga tegishli ekanligini topadilar, guruh a&zolari shartga muvofiq berilgan nutqiy parchaning egasini topadilar.
Masalan, O&zi qaytib kelmasmikin!.. Birov olib ketsa qaytib kela ber, deb qo&yilmagan ekan-da! Nega yig&lanadi? A? Yig&lanmasin! (Aminning nutqi). O&quvchilarning nutq egasini topishi, "Bu -Aminning nutqidan" deyishi - yaxshi. Lekin o&quvchi shu bilan kifoyalanib qolmasligi, berilgan nutqni tahlil qilishi, asar timsolining xarakterini belgilashda bu nutqning tutgan o&rnini aniqlashi, unga munosabat bildirib, bunday o&rinda qo&llanishi zarur bo&lgan nutqiy muloqotni misol keltira olishi - asosiy yutuq hisoblanadi.
"Meningfikrimcha... " metodi
Bu metod o&quvchilarni mustaqil fikrlashga o&rgatadi
Ushbu metoddan darsni xulosalash jarayonida foydalanish mumkin. Bunda o&quvchilar hikoya haqida o&zlarining shaxsiy fikrlarini bildiradilar. O&qituvchi esa bu fikrlarni umulashtirib darsni yakunlaydi.
Ushbu metodlar o&qituvchilarga innovatsion dars o&tish usuli sifatida tavsiya etiladi. Ulardan qay darajada foydalana olish esa har bir o&qituvchining metodik mahoratiga bog&liq.
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar
1. Abdurakhmanova, J. N. (2020). The policy of tolerance in Uzbekistan (in the case of Greeks). International Journal on Integrated Education, 2(5), 212-14.
2. Azadovna, R. M. (2020). Teaching Students Professional Terminology In The Course Of English For Specific Purposes (ESP). Наука и образование сегодня, 3(50).
3. Botirova, S. (2020). The Role of Artistic Psychology in the Metaphorical Harmony of Man And the Reality of Life. Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research, 9(4), 16-20.
4. Djurayeva, Y. (2020). The Role of Phonetics in Languages Teaching. International Engineering Journal For Research Development, 5(1), 44-49.
5. Ilhomov, Z. A., Muxammadiyev, L. G. (2020). Theoretical issues of history in Beruni&s work "Monuments of ancient peoples". International Journal of History, 2(1), 35-36.
6. Khodjamkulov, U., Botirova, S., Shofkorov, A., Abdirimova, I. (2020). Bases of Organizing Cooperation between Educational Institutions through Clusters (on the Example of the Education System of Uzbekistan). Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(12), 243-247.
7. Krivosheeva, G., Qayumova, G. (2020). Phraselogicial Units in English Languages. International Engineering Journal For Research Development, 5(1), 88-94.
8. Mardonov, S., Toshtemirova, S., Ahmadjonov, B., Koshanova, N. (2020). Structure and Mechanisms of Action of the Educational Cluster. International Journal of Psychological Rehabilitation, 24(7), 8104-8111.
9. Ruzmetova, M. (2020). Effectiveness of Using Grammar Exercises During the Lesson. International Engineering Journal For Research Development, 5(1).
10. Shaykhislamov, N. (2020). Main Directions and Interactive Methods of Student Speech Growth in Uzbek Language Classes. European Journal of European Journal of Research and Reflection, 8(7), 115-120.
11. Shaykhislamov, N. (2020). Semantic and Linguocultural Features of English and Uzbek Proverbs with Concept of Friendship. Студенческий вестник, 28(126), 29-30.
12. Shayxislamov, N. (2020). Ona tili darslarida o&quvchilar nutqini o&stirishning asosiy yo&nalishlari. Science and Education., 1(4), 174-179.
13. Shayxislamov, N. Z. (2020). Zamonaviy tilshunoslik yo&nalishi -psixolingvistikada o&zbek bolalar nutqining o&rganilishi. Интернаука, 28(157), 8384.
14. Shayxislamov, N. Z. (2020). Tilshunoslik keng qamrovli fan sifatida. UzACADEMIA, 1(1), 156-158.
15. Shegay, A., Orazova, F., Krivosheeva, G. (2020). Possible Writing Techniques While Teaching for Students Whose English is a Foreign Language. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences, 8(6).
16. Toshtemirova, S. (2020). Factors Affecting the Quality of Education and the Importance of the Education Cluster to Address Them. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences, 8(4), 151-156.
17. Xoshimova, D. (2019). Features of Grow of Sensate-Expressive Speech in English Language at the Students via Conceiving by Listening. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences, 7(12).
18. Xoshimova, D. (2020). Improving the English Languages Speaking Skills with Efficient Ways. International Engineering Journal For Research Development, 5(1).
19. Xoshimova, D., Muhamatjonova, D. (2020). Effective Technics to Improve English Language Speaking Skills. ОПЫТ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ИНОСТРАННЫМ ЯЗЫКАМ В ЕВРАЗИЙСКОМ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ, 5, 62-69.
20. Xoshimova, D. R. (2020). Features of Improvement Sensate - Expressive Speech While Teaching Listening Students Applying Mnemonic Base. Eastern European Scientific Journal, 1, 158-161.
21. Xoshimova, D., Tadjibayev, M. (2020). The Social Dimensions of Understanding the Art of Literary Language. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences, 8(5), 32-37.
22. Yusupova, M. (2020). The Role of Phonetics in Languages Teaching. Science and Education, 1(2), 495-500.
23. Zuparova, S. (2020). Teaching Foreign Languages with Interactive Methods. International Engineering Journal For Research Development, 5(1), 222-226.
24. Zuparova, S., Shegay, A., Orazova, F. (2020). Approaches to Learning English as the Source of All. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences, 8(5).
25. Ботирова, Ш. И. (2020). Об обучении студентов филологии основам анализа и литературным терминам. Преподавание языка и литературы, 7(7), 82-83.
26. Отажонова, Д. Б. (2013). Передача структуры речевого этикета в переводе (на материале романа дже^ Лондона" Мартин Иден"). Вестник Челябинского государственного педагогического университета, (3).
27. Шайхисламов, Н. (2020). Она тили ва адабиёт дарсларида замонавий педагогик технологияларни куллаш махррати. Science and Education, 1(2), 566568.
28. Saydakhmetova, D. (2020). Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language Through Stories. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences, 8(5), 75-78.
29. Mukhamedov, G., Khodjamkulov, U., Shofkorov, A., Makhmudov, K. (2020). Pedagogical Education Cluster: Content and Form. ISJ Theoretical Applied Science, 1(81), 250-257.
30. Makhmudov, K. (2019). Integrating a Mother Tongue while Teaching a Foreign Language: Problems and Solutions. The Issues of Language, Literature and History, (1), 89-91.
31. Зиядуллаевна, Н. Г., Тахировна, М. Т. (2020). Обучение студентов к иновационной педагогической деятельности на основе кластера. Суз санъати, (3).
32. Аметовна, Ю. Т., Назаровна, К. Х. (2020). Применение интеграции при обучении русскому языку в национальных группах. Суз санъати, (3).
33. Абдуллаевна, Ш. К., Фагимовна, Ш. Н. (2020). Нетрадиционные методы обучения русского языка и литературы. Суз санъати, (3).
34. Ayatov, R., Sherov, D. (2020). Improving the Conversational Process in Foreign Language Teaching. International Engineering Journal For Research Development, 5(1), 32-37.
35. Badalova, B. (2020). Lesson Competition Element in Russian. EPRA International Journal o f Multidisciplinary Research, 6(5), 535-537.
36. Khodjamkulov, U., Botirova, S., Shofkorov, A., Abdirimova, I. (2020). Bases of Organizing Cooperation between Educational Institutions through Clusters (on the Example of the Education System of Uzbekistan). Journal o f Critical Reviews, 7(12), 166-169.
37. Бадалова, Б. (2019). Литература как метод преподавания иностранного языка. Молодой учёный, 6(244), 197-198.
38. Шофкоров, А. М. (2018). Повторяющиеся слова и их использование в художественном выражении. Теория и практика современной науки, 2(44), 136139.
References
1. Abdurakhmanova, J. N. (2020). The policy of tolerance in Uzbekistan (in the case of Greeks). International Journal on Integrated Education, 2(5), 212-14.
2. Azadovna, R. M. (2020). Teaching Students Professional Terminology In The Course Of English For Specific Purposes (ESP). Наука и образование сегодня, 3(50).
3. Botirova, S. (2020). The Role of Artistic Psychology in the Metaphorical Harmony of Man And the Reality of Life. Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research, 9(4), 16-20.
4. Djurayeva, Y. (2020). The Role of Phonetics in Languages Teaching. International Engineering Journal For Research Development, 5(1), 44-49.
5. Ilhomov, Z. A., Muxammadiyev, L. G. (2020). Theoretical issues of history in Beruni&s work "Monuments of ancient peoples". International Journal of History, 2(1), 35-36.
6. Khodjamkulov, U., Botirova, S., Shofkorov, A., Abdirimova, I. (2020). Bases of Organizing Cooperation between Educational Institutions through Clusters (on the Example of the Education System of Uzbekistan). Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(12), 243-247.
7. Krivosheeva, G., Qayumova, G. (2020). Phraselogicial Units in English Languages. International Engineering Journal For Research Development, 5(1), 88-94.
8. Mardonov, S., Toshtemirova, S., Ahmadjonov, B., Koshanova, N. (2020). Structure and Mechanisms of Action of the Educational Cluster. International Journal of Psychological Rehabilitation, 24(7), 8104-8111.
9. Ruzmetova, M. (2020). Effectiveness of Using Grammar Exercises During the Lesson. International Engineering Journal For Research Development, 5(1).
10. Shaykhislamov, N. (2020). Main Directions and Interactive Methods of Student Speech Growth in Uzbek Language Classes. European Journal of European Journal of Research and Reflection, 8(7), 115-120.
11. Shaykhislamov, N. (2020). Semantic and Linguocultural Features of English and Uzbek Proverbs with Concept of Friendship. Студенческий вестник, 28(126), 29-30.
12. Shayxislamov, N. (2020). Ona tili darslarida o&quvchilar nutqini o&stirishning asosiy yo&nalishlari. Science and Education, 1(4), 174-179.
13. Shayxislamov, N. Z. (2020). Zamonaviy tilshunoslik yo&nalishi -psixolingvistikada o&zbek bolalar nutqining o&rganilishi. Интернаука, 28(157), 8384.
14. Shayxislamov, N. Z. (2020). Tilshunoslik keng qamrovli fan sifatida.
UzACADEMIA, 1(1), 156-158.
15. Shegay, A., Orazova, F., Krivosheeva, G. (2020). Possible Writing Techniques While Teaching for Students Whose English is a Foreign Language. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences, 8(6).
16. Toshtemirova, S. (2020). Factors Affecting the Quality of Education and the Importance of the Education Cluster to Address Them. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences, 8(4), 151-156.
17. Xoshimova, D. (2019). Features of Grow of Sensate-Expressive Speech in English Language at the Students via Conceiving by Listening. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences, 7(12).
18. Xoshimova, D. (2020). Improving the English Languages Speaking Skills with Efficient Ways. International Engineering Journal For Research Development, 5(1).
19. Xoshimova, D., Muhamatjonova, D. (2020). Effective Technics to Improve English Language Speaking Skills. ОПЫТ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ИНОСТРАННЫМ ЯЗЫКАМ В ЕВРАЗИЙСКОМ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ, 5, 62-69.
20. Xoshimova, D. R. (2020). Features of Improvement Sensate - Expressive Speech While Teaching Listening Students Applying Mnemonic Base. Eastern European Scientific Journal, 1, 158-161.
21. Xoshimova, D., Tadjibayev, M. (2020). The Social Dimensions of Understanding the Art of Literary Language. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences, 8(5), 32-37.
22. Yusupova, M. (2020). The Role of Phonetics in Languages Teaching. Science and Education, 1(2), 495-500.
23. Zuparova, S. (2020). Teaching Foreign Languages with Interactive Methods. International Engineering Journal For Research Development, 5(1), 222-226.
24. Zuparova, S., Shegay, A., Orazova, F. (2020). Approaches to Learning English as the Source of All. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences, 8(5).
25. Ботирова, Ш. И. (2020). Об обучении студентов филологии основам анализа и литературным терминам. Преподавание языка и литературы, 7(7), 82-83.
26. Отажонова, Д. Б. (2013). Передача структуры речевого этикета в переводе (на материале романа дже^ Лондона" Мартин Иден"). Вестник Челябинского государственного педагогического университета, (3).
27. Шайхисламов, Н. (2020). Она тили ва адабиёт дарсларида замонавий педагогик технологияларни куллаш махррати. Science and Education, 1(2), 566568.
28. Saydakhmetova, D. (2020). Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language Through Stories. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences, 8(5), 75-78.
29. Mukhamedov, G., Khodjamkulov, U., Shofkorov, A., Makhmudov, K. (2020). Pedagogical Education Cluster: Content and Form. ISJ Theoretical Applied Science, 1(81), 250-257.
30. Makhmudov, K. (2019). Integrating a Mother Tongue while Teaching a Foreign Language: Problems and Solutions. The Issues of Language, Literature and History, (1), 89-91.
31. Зиядуллаевна, Н. Г., Тахировна, М. Т. (2020). Обучение студентов к иновационной педагогической деятельности на основе кластера. Суз санъати, (3).
32. Аметовна, Ю. Т., Назаровна, К. Х. (2020). Применение интеграции при обучении русскому языку в национальных группах. Суз санъати, (3).
33. Абдуллаевна, Ш. К., Фагимовна, Ш. Н. (2020). Нетрадиционные методы обучения русского языка и литературы. Суз санъати, (3).
34. Ayatov, R., Sherov, D. (2020). Improving the Conversational Process in Foreign Language Teaching. International Engineering Journal For Research Development, 5(1), 32-37.
35. Badalova, B. (2020). Lesson Competition Element in Russian. EPRA International Journal o f Multidisciplinary Research, 6(5), 535-537.
36. Khodjamkulov, U., Botirova, S., Shofkorov, A., Abdirimova, I. (2020). Bases of Organizing Cooperation between Educational Institutions through Clusters (on the Example of the Education System of Uzbekistan). Journal o f Critical Reviews, 7(12), 166-169.
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