Категория: История и археология

Syrian coastal fortresses: archaeological study

Автор: указан в статье

ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ И АРХЕОЛОГИЯ

УДК 902/904

SYRIAN COASTAL FORTRESSES: ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY

¿Luiijj I^Ujj^I ДлЫ-uJl

Rajwan Faisal Al-Mayali1, LateefTayyeh Hassoon1

University of Qadisiyah1 rajwan.faisal@qu. edu. iq1, lateef_1983@yahoo. com2 Submission Date: 18.03.2019

д] ЯллЬ JJUJC. ^Ollj j-uic. ^jlaJl (jjjjsll AjaXUIVIJ Д>Ы(

(_JJ»]| ¿¿LttluLttllj t4g-s QA jjiilj Ajtiluall t_Jj J^JI QAi C-UUCi^JiA IgJ juli

jit-all Да] I jLuixjl jl ^aLudll jbb ¿ya ^imL^all ^t-Jj^pJI tilli 4л±! i^jibi 4g-s /j-e

^liL 0jja Jl Clig-ulj (jLa jll ¡ja (j^jS (Jl jJa ¡¿llj J*jI CIj^aIuiI bajij tl g V.^1453 ^i^l ¿jUaluill Jj Jc. 4 Jaj jjj <XLutilc- 4 inlallaj.aflll

Aj^UalS tillli С<Д1| yjj£jut*Jl £jUall ^JJLAXJIJ tiJLuJl ¡jl

y.J (JjualaJl jjlalll ¡¿ла ¿jc. SjSa t ] о j tl^Iiw j l^Jjlj-Ja Jc. AajuoIj о у

t_Jjj^Jl tillls ¡jl£ ¿(j-aliL ^J^.».&.;; CjUISL^IuiVIJ ■"&&& &1 • ^^ ¿jij ^tc. jSjuj ^liajI sj&LaC.

¡jjlillj J AJIC-IAJI jiJ ^ fjjjwiil ^jc cJ^ uW О"3^1 Ч-5 J^ (J-^^

limBLaallj ¡jjjS I^JB LAJ

tgjJaauj ¿j-aikLu- Ц-Jaju a(J^ljwill Jc. duL Jill 4_;jjjuill (jl jSilb jJ^ail

)-r ¿gjil t ^JJVI jj^ll rlylua 4л1в LuaaLus ^As La ¡Jaj i^jaj^ia J^VI

j^jLjLj t-jSj^Jlj Alii^lj AjSI^JIj J^JJ c^^ij Ц^Ь jUa^ Jj i^Jlj ^^jill tSlb О^Ч 4^)1 jJ Jc. d^jll I^A ^fl Uj^ajSl Uj£]j ifjiiS dlj jxj Jlj£Vlj ^UaII ^.Jc- ^Jj^all 3aluul 1лД ^.L^j tl^-La ^Iaj La AjujIjJ &. cs^ ULtl

\^ (jjjSj tt^JjLac- ) jlaj j>^.iic ^ 1c. j 4AJLa ji ^ CliJfuj ^^jll tp^iSllj

bjjii (J^b (j-o у yiki Igjjjlla j AjUall j 4jt_Ld]| 1 la i4_ic.lijll

.i^j u Jitij u jZti I^jUJ

4л1з tjj-a^J AjJs tjjj)jiajla Ajtla 4jdl tjjjjll ^Уи^а 4*]| tbjjjjo uLall!)

4_«j >sJl

Арабистика Евразии, № 6, Июнь 2019 Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 6, June 2019 2019 J^JJ C-LJ

арабистика евразии eurasian arabic studies

евразия арабистикасы

Abstract

The Arab and Islamic countries in the eleventh and twelfth centuries became the scene of bloody events not seen in history, witnessing a similar combination of the Crusades and the Mongol invasion on the one hand and the Muslims on the other, and did not end those wars by the departure of the Crusaders from the Levant or the decline of the Mongol tide. Two centuries later, the conquest of Constantinople, the capital of Byzantium, ended with the return of Sultan Muhammad al-Fciteh in 1453. All buildings, including military edifices, discovered as a result of these grinding wars are a clear picture of their ferocity and strength. This gives us an idea of the progress in construction and architecture in general and the art of fortifications in particular. The Arab East was the last of his creations in the sciences and arts, including the art of war and fortifications.

It is worth mentioning that the Syrian castles built on the coasts are inhabited, including Mandars and the remaining castles, for example, the citadel of Salah al-Din (Sihon) and the castle of BaniQahtan and A laic/a and Khoabi and Yamor and Mahalp and Mnika and observation and Tortus. However, we limited the search on the part of those castles and left the other models for another time. This research is to highlight the buildings and castles and the building styles built in different times and over the development of the art of immunization. The research also explains all the architectural and defensive elements that were provided to them from these castles and gave them the qualities of durability and consistency and comparison with other models inside and outside Syria, and the extent of their influence and impact on them .

For citation: Al-Maya/i, R.F., Bassoon, L.T. (2019). yJlt^ljj jLu^J!yUU!¿XSIf [Syrian coastal fortresses: archaeological study]. Eurasian Arabic Studies, 6, 108132.

Арабистика Евразии, № 6, Июнь 2019 арабистика евразии Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 6, June 2019

eurasian arabic studies „ e „ , .

ЕВРАЗИЯ ДРАЕИСТИКАСЫ 2019 JJ*& ^J*^ J^&

iaLu )b 4 1лА luill a 4_iAJ still a 4j3! «lzJS a 4_ljL-ajaV! <_ut a^J! a 4 Ji ерЛл , rjLuti^Sl

4 ;4 ; jtiil Uj j- A-I! ALa iauijVi (JJ^i AaISIAJ & < <t<> »J

Ojlliallj Ajyi ^jjj^JI sjLmlSI ^ ^li^llj j;-¿aaoli AjujIjJIj dia^ll £аЫ| jl£ UA ¿y>j 1 gjW ClllljJj ¿JjV jjjwaaJi .ila tgitij t_ll]Luilj L^JaLaj! Clic-^jj tbjjjua ^

o^a! jl J| (j_LjuJijSl A^bUVI JJ^HI ^ CjJ^j gAjljaajuaVIj CjUpaollj jjJtill

p jVij ^^Vij 6 J^uoaII ¡j.la]lj (jja^a^JS &¿AlxiLa p Ijjl ^^Ic. <Lij j^Jl e )La*]|

Clili _jjLiaJS ¿ya l^Ji (jlc. tA-lc-j jtill S Sla /jLuijVI La ij^V ^»-j

4 alv-jj j оjii£l j j jtmjyi 4ilk la )jji (j-a t§j| ^jc-j 0 j^allall ajjjijl 4l¿all

4 .. j ^Uijj AaIaiij 0jsii va j Lgjlj l^l ^lall La£ \ g]l£jJul &¿I pJl aiaj

pic (Jfcjli Aj ) jjuili Ajjji^JI SjLa*]! ^jjU . gk e^aj La l-bj 4 4Auu» Д -ч! "s j CliLfJssla-a q

Cj4iu/ir. i_5lc. I^AUi Ci^j IgijS (>aLk Jl^li Ajjjxall Jivljjulf 0jUaj

4UaLj| La£ 1ЛА ^ lILuoljJ l^lljlli ^¡ll ^^SJI ^Al

(1 djj^) ) Ы^1 C^ ^ -1

¿jjtatj^^l •

4Js!vU<a]| (Jj3 (JjVI fl^Vl Clijl£j 4L;jjjuo ^ «Lajjsl! ¿уь ¡jj^^a АлЗз

^Jajui (_gjluba (jji p 400 ^lii (>5lc. 4jjJLa ^JJLC jLc-J; 24 ur^^J^ Cff^"

l^la ijj^i ^ ^ ^ ^gl j^jiij 0kl n&.ll (j^juill ajjj ajsj^is йла ¿s-ajj

.(Abu al-Fida, 1850, p. 261) 1583) cb сЫ-li Jl^ ^ Я-S

(Shohe) ^ l^b^j (sigon) Jjb^ сз^1

^ l^ilc- jj^lt ^bL-a jblk! us 4(Burns, 1994, p. 184) (sehunna) ^nj^W

584 p^ cH ^^ jiijij 1 gj 1c. Aj^uiuii ajlsIjl i &&&u j^^a*!!

.(»1188 - -л

jjlaljJ-aVI , ^ijluij j jjuibtJi (jjill ¿ул cjjuajll ^ Ьjjjus j! (Jj^mLualt

e^J c> jjjIj Jc (John Zimisces) u^^J oj*

jjill ¿у* jijVi ^ jjjjjLall Ц-ik Jjloil 4 ^975 - -364 ^ l^Ub^J

.(Burns, 1994, p. 125) ^Ы! JbacL Ij-ISj jA*

cdSs ^ ia.jj VLo 1^-1» i_ij2ibj ^a! j-ч..1 ^^Ic. j tojj^-uijl jaUill (JSUt-л ¡j^ Alfa ■—> dili SjiL ^

jc. i_SjKli aLaj ijjJiiSi ^ j^kj La^luj AjaibUI a.Vir. j Ajjjc (Ji-^ll (Jji j

Abu al-Fida, 1850, p. 261 t> ^J^

арабистика евразии Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 6, June 2019

eurasian arabic studies л , & « „ & . .

ЕВРАЗИЯДРАБИСТИКАСЫ 2019 J^J^ JJi< ^J*-" ^but)jOll

-buj &c^j^Vt jr^i Uj^L*. 584 - fl 188 f^- c> c> ¿^11 JJ

c^HaII Ajjl &¿jULl & t ^ QM dll jjjxjlj Q у -^j Ajuiaj ^jl^I (ja (jj Jixll j ^julllill J I (j^ajj

l^ijbd^l jjj.&jl. ¿кЦа i (Fales, 1997, p. 250) &Ф- SjkuJlj USljikl ^

villi slbala jl t^] 272 --A670^ J^1 ^t& / J^ AIjIc a jisujai Cluij Laj! j & ^^

. (Burns, 1994, p. 125) ajllll iacj ^¿ILUl Jl jxj L^ aLUJI

J ^Jjau-all A^ia^ll AJL AL^SJJ jjjjlj JJJ JJJJ JjjJa ^-SJ^ Jc ^JSJ A*Jall Ji^ &(Azab, 2006, p. 52, 57) 7 *II J ^ U

cr^^j ? 140j 55j£ c^1^ V^j^j &f 740^^X^aVI ЦЬ!^

AjjUj j|jaj Axllll СЦш Jlkj ; Jiii) 2f 500000 La dljLb I^jUj A^luw

^x^jl 3 jjjs jl^^ij taikjjjill ajs^ji jjsu jll ^xa^ll 3 &¿jl^zjl ¿ja <ali^qj &¿jjxja (j-aai! Axlall j - » a-iajjall 4jsajl (j-e ц-jl н al^ljia alsj (Jj£ ¿ja clilus

a qa ^cju «illjj j jJa ja ajlilj £.lui1a ajj^ja aju ja ajj-n-n Ajjuiij j "¿jlo£

¡j-ej j^iiaj j__ll ^J (JAJ A^sjill ¡j^a 0.1-iul A-Si&la-A CIJIIJI \§ ;\r. dJill 4^JUJ1| jlj^VI

JJVI Jjj-aj S A^La. A3Luia JC. ^HA JA J J^lj (JjVI t jl Axlalb К;

ijj£. ^jijjijj l^jj ^jjvi ajtlall "¿1 jj oja jjislij (j^ljll (ja &¿ jjxjuo aaisj 4ju jaj ajjijii &

l^jjlja. QA t t Til

Ac-llijl ^lij j,:&vaj ^sj ja jAj Ajtlill (Jj^ j jJj jll jll i_5c.lijll ja^jl J*^ Jljjl jjjuJI bal

&(Salim, 2015, p. 203) ^j^Sj ^aj ^ jjjj « е1Ь50 Jij^

J jjjSII ^ftli^l! JJjlS *l*Jall Jajuij AlulaII ^jjII iAJuUlLa tIj^VI (j^ AiLubollj

qa ^^Jl l^A allli j ^24 A^Luaaj Aju ja oJc-ll Jc- >5 4 ^A&" ¿V&.l ij&j"^ ^ clip, t Axial I

^Jjl IA^3J jUiaJi ^Jfll l^lj i^ll IA^IA JJVI ^laj&jl ¿l±j j^Ua

(1 »JJ^3 : jMs) • C^J1 Jl (JuctJ V AjjUja CliLuibijj ^x^Jl о jj*- x^a ^jUJl JJjujII J ^^Jr^^ AjIj Lai

J JjVI jLiJl jjjuill IЛА (JlaJLj ( J Jill xluiall iajuaj J c5julij jli ^jIuaa

Li£J JaJCkJj Jlc- Lf J"** 1 a ^J^- ЦА) baAlilSa j. ^»д j bjjjj ^jjVI ijj^& C"^-3 4-Ш JJ,^ AjLjJ J J^-J &

Azab, 2006, p. 52 and 57 Qc, . ¿oSi

¿l^pJLa jui (J^Aal! Ij^Jj i ^^gJ^iaJl ^JjJal! i kx^ajLa ^ CS-^& (J^Aallj ^jJdll ¡all

.(El Abidine, 2006, p. 120) M^Jl <¿4 j u* Ja^ij ^ji^Jl ^Liall ^ IgJ ¡JikAallj ^jjuill ^uokll 4_I1JI (J».u£i

^j ^Uuillj jjj&Kl mil {jAj (JjL-aSJ ¿jAiik 4_La j ¿_5Jaj jjJl ¿xaJl A^,jj ¿»Vatl

¿Lj jL-a-Jlj LJjj^Jl tlllijl ^ fAkloiJ sUa]| yjiJ (j^ljaj &¿Jc.

AjjlJ>l! jij ^paj^k j ^IaC. j ^32 ^Lujill (xliJajl iauij Ak. Ub^f^l J

¿LiJl < ^no

.(Qajah, 2000, p. 172) Д-1Й1 ^

Ц-ьа AjjLGXA J5I ^jlo Ajtlkll j^j&j

j\jVI (¿и ^J^-J ^Jajjsll j^vij A-mL¿all Auiiillj ¿Lilajj^jll ^ajl¡JlLa ^ lajj^l Jla aavi jjj^i <^1 jj^vi * j^l Lai t (jijj ojja]| 2ijilla]|

CliAjJo La£ ijjjj^ ¡jUaLuill (JjS ¿y> CliAiJj tgJl ^^JJ CliLatA^Jlj AJaLoJI^j A^joia]| Ja^ioil] dil l j ^^Jaui^ll rOnJl Cll^^A \ » L;jjjoj jlli -j^a 4_ijL2La CIjI jliS jj&X jjJ

<¿¡11 Я^аШ l^LLl Jft ^ ^JAui (Viz, 1984, p.50-51)

O^ic-Vlj A^LjVIj ^Aiujuii liLilc.JjluLftll йЛА (JiLa (j! jAjj La i-5lc-j iClbaAb

(j-ajA Clalc-^jludAll (JA*]| ^y о li^il AJJLJII jIJAII ^Ia^LLUIIJ Aic-LuiaA & t ^WM

^.Jjjall ¿ул (Jlikjy ialjiil djbLia Лл-шJ jIjjuiVI t^AJoi Jla AjjLa*-all jill ¿ул

.(Deschamps, 1973, p. 217-247) ^Ij^tj (2 sjj^) ^ .2

¿jjUilj ^Sj^l •

(jjjjl£jLa AjjLjJbj (Margat) ^¿"ja jjjjjLu^all Ale. Cliajc. ^gjll t-ja^all A*]a Jlja. (margant) (margathum) j* Aj^jilLj (markappos)

& ^J A^J Clilik i ^360 J^- СИ LP3^J & 4-1

4jdall (xlaJJ i {J^LuJl Jjjjj /ja jii£l IgjS lKjloj V t5ia.Lmll (J^jliiI)

l^j a jjg nti 15 u. .o Vi ojbj JJ"QJ Lijjjj 4 ^^ i_iic.l (jl jAlJ ^

¿yj^xjll ,ja (^i a^jljll dlVLaJl ¿H1 aJI^JI oiA jl (*ijll (JjIS ^jArkllj (Ji.Xa]l jjj iaJJJ liljaJLa t luiaJl ^J^

El Abidine, 2006, p. 120 tj^j-51 t> AiLitj Lai jl a»1 . jl IAjj jj ^^jIj LLp>.l i-LujiL A jailll oiA ■ "iLVU I j^a ^j^alI I jJaj 9

O^A dlljlji l^ialjj &¿Ac. J ¿рь I ^ill l-inij ^gk ^Uj Aj h 111 I «VI AjjLuJI (j^a Ajy LaLali & j Зл£1| U > j j

Qajah, 2000 ; j^Hi I¿¡c- • ¿y-^W^0 ¿yl^aiLi ¿j^Lj jl j IcLj 1 л ¿ij оЬ-ЛЬ

J^i (J^Lul ^ic. A Ml ,--1^ ^lj 4ja ajA li^j-a S-Lj ^-ilSjlj tall ^ialL ; & &»J-&H 10

CLl^xJ (jl ^1-1 JJ (Ja.LuiJ t-jSj-olL jir-i&ill jj jyalulyall J^ac. Igja _A 454 Aiul ^j (JjLljL 2-bXa j ^Luill

Hamawi, 2015, p. 108 Jj.^&ti t> .aJj^ ^jj ^ Aj&l o&lj ¿y>

арабистика евразии Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 6, June 2019

eurasian arabic studies „ it,,& t< t<

ЕВРАЗИЯДРАбИСТИКАСЫ 2019 J^J^ JJ*> J^Jl

J ¿jaaIulûII Je- VI J^i Aj3 jj^ai-all çLjill JIac! j£l 4 &¿.11л, 4_j*jaL A-iclij (j^ajL^aij

l^j&jjU^ qa Ija Je Jjlauj «¿Hi ja ^Jl ¿jjIj I4I jaj <4062 - -M54 ^ ^J &сшЦЗА йЧзЛ JJ^1С AÂUAII ûj^i ^oaî ¿jjU 14] Jill J^UL

(Balanea) (? 24 J! f 58 Jij^ <>) ^ij** J (Strabo) j^lj^

«^Ь JjS Ь» ji^ (ji ^j^ll ¿^j .(Burns, 1994, p. 179)

/LûJjsll ;j —j& ja lajjc j AjjjjluV! AjjLûjuiaII j ¿a jjk «aïll J Ц-ill CliljLujl lg Ajiij ^bjb J IjAÎaj Lajl j Axlâll Je 0Jajjuill ¿ja IJIajj jj-mL¿all (Jjk-aj j-^j

La jtc juij i 4j£Uajl JajLuo jA jiuaâ Clàj Jxj tilljj 098 —^491 Д^ (j^ W^2 f^jJ plialLuil <¿11 j (Jj5 Axiâ Jc l&imVI jjJ jA AaLlIaII jc jjxuL-all p*

. <4104 - -M89 ^ (J lf^ Î> U^J"1 ùj^j^1

- -A 5 82 f^ ÙJ.& lA^I 4_i£llajl ûjIaV l^liuuli ^a "¿qilLa aIjIc (JjÏi jA Axlkll Clsijjûl

Ы jl£j l^lgj ^ f 1188 - -A584 ^ J y^J^i j^l ^ Ù^J 186

)\ Aj^jj Axkll cli-ltu-a tÀc j^ Ц-ilfr ê^LîLuiVI » l^--"&"&,; Jill у ^iiii Ад-^l g a J AjjImiI ¿уь

J jUL jjjll U^ui jIa£,jill jjaVI cJu^Aj 11204 - -a601 Ac J jaLLII ¿HaII ^k j±a\ ta ji jsu jjjMi jlLkull aj ^jll a*1H| Je Jl^-ili ^j^Jl jl£j ^1280 - -л679 ^ ■jUaluttll t—iljl l^pj Jill &¿jaJaII CllbjjJall Ji Jc J i 1285 I A I 17 J Ig^ilc ôjL-û^k &(Fales, 1997, p. 236) ^1285 / 5 /25 ^ J ^mL^ll VUll ^а!^! jjj^ii

Clil C-U и / j»ft éllj j^VI Jiaj ^iLî Jaj ¡jjiJaJa Jl > ^ il ^ иГ&УЬ IgJLuiJl ^ajjij

i> JP-VI ^L^iL jjj.nl»Л J^

¡j jiiVI uLâJ) •

Jâj t-j^azJlj j^VIJ SjL^aJl ÛJLAJ С- ^jtiaVI JJC ClillLa (j£.u&j Je t-J^j-ûll AjlB Clrnj

Ij^J IgjLjl Lû^A llijUi J2»j11 ^ J-^ - ^ Jix jc ) &¿jjj (_3j3 çso ^jll j^^TV a\| IgJLâ JA jIj^j

£ JJ ^AjI g ill ja (jjiuia IjIja jll A*Jkll ja ^JjiiJl ^jjiall 1 . j (JSjJôll

I jjjji l^J JsLpu j ( IcLuiil jj£,I Алл jLi. Axis j * i\4lj Aj«_ii5 j^A Iai^ ^ &&J& j> /Tv Axlkll (JSjJu ; jiàlj) ^La-^VIJ t-liluiLill AÀiixA oJjJc ^IjjL 1 iali jj Uj^. 1л.jJ ja 1 jLk jLSk I4I jLuVI J dLiiUSll A^kila JJC JUill Aillais ûjjxjLia Axlâ jc SjLc ААлЫ! Ад-Jall j

J SjLj À^aJjc AjjLo &¿La Aj^jLkll Axlill je Ц-L^ijj jlj^VI j^ (Juhini, 2007, p. 21)

jjlA ^ jj jA Lb ja & &ij sjlip. 4 Ia^jjuL AjLjII jS_Ja Jxj Jill ûjjsu-ial! Axlill Sjâj jo^a^Iill

j£b j^j-«all ja t"v¡JjjI jla Al&^b& jA jj^A ^20 0 Jaâ àJlu JS^ÏllI jj il^iA jLmll

AjIjL AijjL^ jA IjA (Jjusljj (cjcl ja) ÀjàljA Aj-&MiijI Ailjia J Cli^iSj tjjlll

I AjLj AxMl Ajjybû )ll ÂaLuîII , Л Лл aj ¡s tt—sluilS a Jaji» <aLuaS dilfrU Clilj CLiUJall SjJxIa

iàâaJj ¿j JpAl ~ I^IulS A-v^VI 4 al&Í-ч. /ч l^-La <_Jja]L Ia£ (4_um!^l! (JÍÍaj

aclâll jlaj iajj (jjlua ¿ja bul aajj <jum£j| oàfc ¿ja l_ljiall ^ j &(^ajvi jj-^l

dilc. j jjjuia àajj iûliaii ¿jjàj (jaxjjuii ¿jlaja. frlbll i^aj *ój.u£]|

4jjIa*a]| cljbjla^]! ¿ja jjj^ll c5ic. i^jl^lj tcj^uluuúyi £a jjall pljálvja

4-i3£juij 4_ia.1í. ciia làjiml aj-la 4_jj1_ac. ciiia^.j 1^3j3 clmjj állui cl¡l j!iâ ^ - " & " ^

p^ajjll ¿jiac-i ¿jajja ¿ja ("n iviml ajjlmji tiü¡ ¿j! ^l^jyi ^j í<_£jal t_àjuajj

jljjuib ûjjill ôâa Ajtlkll dij je. Cilla (ûjlilkj (jjj^i (jlialuill lg_¡ ^ylill ¿ju-аал]! j

Ixpj& <¿¡11 A^jLíJl jl juiVI Û^a jii*j&j "¿jjb & L-^j (j£joi t5Ac. ojjb Ц-S

AjajliJl Д-jljill Clialiaj tplc- (J£JL¿J Ajtlkll ÀJJ,luaj paai ¡^яльЬ J!.ÜAI 4_JJIA*J| Ajtlâll dÁ-uiia j£joi ¿jj£¡ clu^k ajc-iíj jj aUJ j!J^yi 4_LJJ*]i ^ 4 »lall 4_LUIIJJ]|

JA OJc. ¿JA ¿JJ£A ¿j^a^Jlj ûjLa^jl &¿JiIA ¿ja (^j-ÍAA pLoi AJIJJ]! ÔÀA (j^-o

jiu рЗ X 2 lA^bu! jSli (Jljúall Xlilaluba ЯаоЗ ¿je. &¿jUc- (JadJl lÀfcj

jjA ((JIJA) s " Viq -^ajj 4-lajaij ^j ¿^&j-0 ^tij ûÀb 4^!¡5 jl*-jj & . Ao

¡jaj AÍLuiaIIj pjoi^O x 40 bbjlsu! j^J <hlaluiA dilала (4) ¿ja jj£Ü; ^ÜJ! t (¿jñx^a

Jbul paaJl SjOJ^ J¿Ija (3) ¿ja állli t-AjL-all IaI íajui 50 Líj^-^&j 4aÜflll

jjiaüj jj^Jà Au jálllA Cllàj ^yi (^jLül Clii&^lLoll Iajj pjai 50 x 804"^

t-ic-jloij AaJia i - il ûjjAj ^j^UaII ¿J^AUJI (jj^l ^ ^Lui ^IAJ!

Ia£ í àajjâli ûjj^alb al¿!ja elisia ¿^jill -ja j.>i£.irj| ^¿c. ^íaai!

.(Eydoux, 1982, p. 33-113) (u»jall jjj) a u ^ ^ ajijj! aj^l cliillbj

(3 ûjj^>) 11 o-j^j^ ^ .3 ¿jjuilj ¿s^asi •

t•• nr. j ií^yjlya (JiaJj ûjjjuiaII àijaaII ¿ja «lijjijl 4_illukíl! ajjI jll ajtlall

^ (Constantin) biliiuúj^j (Antaradus) j^"1 j^3

.(Burns, 1994, p. 224) (tortosa) wbils (Antartus) o-jj&jlüb^b ¿j±ml^l!

(Jai la£ jIjjI &¿jj j^J ^.J^& JJ-^ dulaj bjjj^j ^ ¿jAa]| ¿ja >»Vi (jajlajJa ¿jl

ùj^^j^1 w^j"1 &( ^bj4^1 aíjaaii ) (Anti - aradus) ч^1 cr«-«

l # Il lij (jbjjl J^j l r-1 a (_5JJ¿- ¿^i l£c.j t-j-ljâ j&. ill ^jic. ÁijAa al_¿Íb ^ ¡_yijjjâ (jjjJ (_>u^

La^J JT»&»!! ¿jLú^o ¿tíj,^ 1 Ù^J JJ*-^& ¿y lyj^j^ &"*&&*• ■i ^-a^LjiVI J- axil , i^**

1 (S^ V1 -A 1 90 Aiu l^Lo jaJl^J La SjL«J Jí jll ¿)jjIa AiiiiJl (j^J & ÁjLi 2x- jibaílj lia 11 J-a 1 gjáj (j ll^

¡JC. J¡| r-iq&ill J-a ■ ^^Áj& t» _354 Aiul lilli Igjlc-li^ jXllàlij Ig-vlj&l j

Al-Balazeri, 1959, p. 168: jMí

арабистика евразии eurasian arabic studies

lbразия арабистикасы

115

J (Nicephorusphocas) u-^j^jjj^ J^j^1 jj^Ijj-VI fbl J ¿jaL^I ^juI

Ujkll л^с J f997 - -¿387 ^ J ^J <?968 - -¿357 ^

tjoiLljia jia\ Jl AJUL (jjijLjL ^1099 - -¿492 J jjj.u^ ^ J^j o^J

tgjlija &LLojj Lai Ajjjlualj AauiiIL 4 m-il 4 4_iaA 1 ¡jjJa Jal Clijt£ j ^bLuiLud^U \ g л ^ I jJlujb <alc J ¿jiAluLASl Lujjjs Cli-ilc AAjJaII (jl ^J (Q^ajJbj LSUajl a.a A Ig m diVL-saJS (j-a

(count of toulous <raymond) jjb2 ¿¿j* ^j^eJj Ь <<4101 - -¿494 jA j j^-s jajll (JaLui ¿ya ■..->! »ll Jl ^Jjli Jill JalixJl j (j^Ll Ja Jc p^^luiXl

¿j-ajl "¿Jibujuil jj-а J^ j /jj jjjll jjj j^Aj IaUxjj iAi^aa-a Jl (jnjJaJa Jjj

.(Hamed, 2011, p. 96) <4152 - -*547 ^ ЪН*

Jlilliill A Jill ¿ya &¿jliill J \g&)\->jl Jc a jjaiuill J ¿jiijja jJa J jaJ ¿ya ^jJ^I jj^ll ¡j£jsls

jj.U^^ J JJ т jil j^l t<4 188 - -¿584 jy^ ¿> 0*121 Jl

^.jiu juaul duaa f 1270 / <4267 - -¿668 / -a665 ^ j^1 ^^j

J цЛ j^Ml fbl f 1291 - -¿690 ^ U 14-3 j l^Ui^V

diLkl Jll Jljjl Sjjja. J fAJja.j J1 J^ J UjIj t-imai y-jiaja

Juu sljjaJ (jjijlajia A*la yb ajLiVI j-« JjV 303 --A702 J I ^-Lq

_A552 Aiu! AillLall AiLVIj f !^llj jl j^VI Jbb ^ла^ ^ jjJa ^jll Jljljll

.(Ibn al-Atheer, 2009, p. 123) 157 A-ajJall AjjJaII (Ja 4oij*ll — AjIIajuoII AjjIJI J bj^3& H J Jc- A*lill jaJsLXA

4 Ul -v^ Ajckll j t/j^aaJlj J s SjIaj Li Jaljj jla. jl jjjuc AjJkll ta jjulaII

jIjjujI лС-Sl jSj^jl AiilaluiA ^ I jjI j t jaill Qa ^LalU jl£ j ¿all J j ^¿a^e Jj-ia>j

jaJl Jc. XLa la.jj ^Ij^VI o^a ¿uj AaIIjI jljjojI ^sujaj Ia£ aola.|jll j AjajlaJl AxlSlI

jl jjii (jj AstlL у<а1аЛ Jalaa^all oJALuIa £ул j iAjlill jA 1 ji^aaj& jj^VI jA Ля-i

ЯЛлЫ! bljjll (jA (jA tilljj La tx.jj A^jxla JajJaa, J^jS Jc t—1Ш lAjljxul

JiiaJl viljli jl ^Llaill IjlA й jiA jl Jii &¿jj^jSlLaj Aa.jx!1a Jajiaik Aai CliJ^ JJ^W )taJlj

AjL^ajL^aa^all t_Jjjoll Jc jljJ^VI J^^ (j^ j jxSJli LI j jll (Ja.b / jj-aJali ^jljcl

^jjilji La jbi^jui aUsaII IЛА j i & ^kiljiAji) pUaij >Uaiil IjA ^auUj tLujj l£iS ^gJ -jjC&.a Д a^J ¿Hi ^iAa CliJj j t(jjjillajj AiiiiJ-S j Aj yajlj A-Ja j3 p ^j jIjjoiL Ijjjaj&j (JjJajVL

J ^ii 4лЫ| oJA JIJJ^I J -^Jj &L^IJ^J ^-^I^J ^rl^VI

Qfa^l g .all (jj^i ¿IjjJ djUiyt j ^1 hi (jij f-LiJl (jj^i La^jc. Vbti д-j ¿jl & "

Salim, 1958 ^ I^a qc. Jjj-«^ ^aAjjjl jl ^g^iL-^l J^ i .n Uba ¿JjS - j-a ¿¿¡И ^.i

116

oja (jj^jj* ¿1 j S SjLoj clulij ^jill ^Luil! <—jjS ^Luil! jjaJI!

:jMs) .(Saleem, 1958, pp. 135-136) ^ J^1 Jj^»,-* c>

^ 4x.t£]l LLL jj .glLa-uill pjui^ll ..ij 4AjjL<isla]| LtLl! ¿y> jjii^ll Ajiiali ^ ji^&i

jJk, dJtill jjill J! l^ujb jl jSijj tp44 ¿W ^ ¡UlS)

¿Lull Akiuu Ajji^ cjjjj isj^iI l^jlja Jja ^niSj .(Burns, 1994, p. 227) ^^^

4 »Vail ^ Aclii! j^ Jj jJall ^Jl j A^ja» dil j AIJUSJA dil jaa (JSJJu ^Ic. cinjlj^

^J (Jj-aVi ^ t"vj iljAa -^jil LjLa <julu£ ¿¿jc-aj Llaj -lajj

ijaVl J^Lk Tju^ Uuij dip. ^^UaI! juic. diltill jji}

Aill^lAjjUxJ! cjl^jll j^l jl IjjjjU jftj (Viz, 1984, p. 61)

4jjLa*Jl (J^IjaIIj jjLswall <j!La \ g 4 .aAk &¿jLaC. (JjhJaSl p.i£J jl liJU.- jA <¿¡11

.(German Institute of Archeology, 2005, p. 69) lsj^VI aaI^i

¿jjUSIJ^J^I •

u^j &(chastelrouge) (j^VI j*-aSll) A^jilUj t(jj^j) ^j^U jja^j 4^ dijc. castrum ) (fjj^jj1^) ^ ^ &(jammura) (U*4^ )

.(Burns, 1994, p. 188) (castel rouge) lM^j (rabrum ^. •* y> jAj i_5iaLuill (Jg-uJl J^J^3 ls^-J^ S-5J^ 12 ja. A*j 4_xlali e^A Jjbli jl CIl^I jl£ &&& ; ^ jJill ^-jji^Jl ^J <LaJj>aJl Ajdsj ¡jjjlajla jajoijli

jLpJ ^jjpjl jc. jll uk¿aal ^gk Ujjjuj j^ 4aLiL<J! ^ ; Ajtkj cjljLSVI

. (Lewis, 2015, p. 132) ^^ c> ^ ajj^^I

AlajVI ^ jlfLualL JjaL jl£ jaII jl ^C. Ajjj&VI JjUall slJj SH I4JUj ¿JjUi Lai

A^jjJaVI JjtiVI d^A ju.& j<aj t j^mlutill j)A pJiSI Ajtlall (Jja jliil Jj^j j

pOaj (Jj^rrtll jJdiaj jjjll (JJS jA ¿^J^UAII jjSll ^J VI j^-aryj pi LaJjj tAiiLajjll

fl 188 - -^584 ^ cr5^1 c^ ^ clliaLii J ^ c

.(Yiz, 1984, p.65)

jjjVt t-iufljil •

(JjL^aJ jjkjUa jA jj£li ^^Aj Ail^a sdLujLlij i^uaaJlj j^Vlj 3jLa^jl "ijLa jA AjlIsII CIiuj jjjul! 4lala.a 4»\aiij p^LdaVI pjalla (JAaluiA pLiJl 4j«lall a tpllvLuill jA JAc. 1 a^;;

арабистика евразии Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 6, June 2019

eurasian arabic studies . „ . . , .

ЕВРАЗИЯАРАВИСТИКАСЫ 2019 jpji ^б&4^& J Jj I AilJsJl tllLull J-iJi

l^^^jdll ^jjpJl ^L¿all & O-lpjll IglLljj ij iA^ljll A-U^all p20 -t Ajjia J-% (JJ^a

^jUJl jjxall ^-iixiai L£ tlojbjl j^L^ dojj <(Bakain, 2003, p. 31) ^ <(A1-Mayali9 2016, pp. 97-101) (4 J^ : 14>jii Ul ¿Ujj

jl Laic tJjLa Ixk, JSLiii l^la ^jill ¿Ajll ¿¿i J^VIj АлШ1 ¿¿ij^l ¿£jll ^ j&

jjAaJI (>j Lgjtij vlij ¡LjLaVI <И Jpi ¿л rl jjVI ¿Uj Auj "¿Ap AJU~ Jlj La U^.1

(Allam,) jjj^ jliUl fU ^ Ц] ^Ijj! jl lb

i^^Ul ^ S1 jjVI «¿S3 ^jj La£ 4 j* 682 - e1279 1977, p. 138)

jSjuill JlLa L_kjlJaj оЛс- A^IILa Aj jLaC- Clil^j jbu ^Auii« tgli A*lSll Jab qa Lai

f.La Jajuoj _ JpjJj ( AaluiVI J S^ic-VI laflaj ( t_iaLuLa ) ^lLui<a Ja.Jl La£j jja-allj ^-Jall j

. jL-aaJlj t_JjjaJl sJliSj sLaIL Ц j&,^1 >.i Jj jj jlj Axial I

( 5 Sjj^a) .5

¿ujUiij ^j^S! •

(oraimah) -Чи®-j W J htj^Uj (Arima) ^J jj.u^ ^ ^ ^

.(Burns, 1994, p. 171) (oraima) (Arima) Wj ^hj^VLj

Jjualii <¿¡11 A xjai^lall J^Uill jx t_Ujall j*ll Jgjaili paLii ^-fija. ¿^ic- A*lall оЛА Q^i >* j t j-4^1 JaLui jc. J 0 J&ja. A*JJj (jjjlajia qa t_JjiaJl . SJI —LeuJl ^^la.LuJl Jgjailb Cliliu^aaj& A-ajJala j-a Ic- Jp. (J^aJ ^иш L^3 CjilSj ^jl j (JaJU ^ 4» Vail O^A

^jxjja jlb LS^J (jjibljla i^ya —Loj

Аз jx 1 ^ ll ; 1л±1уа A*lkll (JjU SJ JJ^ JJC- ^Jj-all p-j^ll ^ujUll jli 1 fc &il Ij ^J jL ¡jc. Lai

Jb 573 UfrUdjl (jk jl£ LaJ j j ) ijjjjj-i jljjjj Clljj^ll jALuiLl jjajl L|jSjLa

- ^567 pltli лаj i^l 149 . -541 ^uli jji^j liciijl£ ^jaii j 1^1177 -AjIUII Aiuill j tl^&llnn-iVi tl^jSj LbjjaJjj 1 gjlc. ) jj^ll jjil ^Ulll pja^Jl pi 171

; jJiii JjJ-all . AjtU^ LJ^JJ (Ji.!x<s]! ¿ys 9 i iiA (jV (SJJJJUII) SjjJali ¿ya ЧЛЙ ^кЛл JUU &J

Bekain, 2003

jb ■" & l^iV liilij ^giLsiaJI Jl fT«J! J ^ Ш dlj^aluilj AxoiLuVI SjLaxj! Ai^jUl oiA &&bVi*!!.! 14

ja AjJ-all . liiti lji jli ^^lill A^liJl ji л! , ^."SVI jo iL^ii AjjLai. j ^^isJS ^-i^J ц,^- *t>j &" J iaj&

Al-Mayali, 2016 : jMi -> Цн^1

i-UiJ I JAJAII t-ljj^j! j-a ^luiluU ^«Jl J^"^ jjLaaJl SJJ^J bjj^jl jLa^llj ^JJV^ J& jti-al

i—lli. 4л13 ^^jc. bi ¡Jis i ЧГ. dllib-al j jl^iuball i_l j*Jl I ^^ W-bj dlij^niT allj jj. ¿aiaJij p ilHI

All am l?J& j-« alt j 5-«jiUt dil *< j • ^^"tt l^j t jjjjJ ditjlSbt l^j t A .>.& j j j ¿iliS j

1977

Арабистика Евразии, № 6, Июнь 2019 арабистика евразии Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 6, June 2019

eurasian arabic studies & , .. &

ЕВРАЗИЯАРА6ИСТИКАСЫ 2019 J^J^ &6«^iuilJjVI LIILLUIJ^JI

j^l ¿lw i> ^jil c^ jj.u^ jc. cjjjsjj 188 - -¿584

.La^-La (JI jj La AAJ J*11 ^Sjjtj (jl VI ^JJ^j

^jjVI •

t(j-aaJlj ajU^ll CiiL ^90 X 300 UJLul i^X^aVI А л^Гил jjc JSj^I AiiiaiuiA 4лШ\

^tjjVI (j* _>^ J^" Ц-J JaJaJj 4(jjSjUa ¿ja A-jj^-a ■ &¿jj ° ^A A

jjlili >1 JJ^O Ij^j Wjj i^Ajllj aJIjaII <Jcl> l^ja c^ia З^Ы.чЛ! J Jiillj <»20 ^Ljollj <a 25 J&j2*- Jbejudll ^Ljall ¿y j^l Jl (jliLa ¿ja \ Ilj А11-ша1|

^JaJl ^LuaJl Jajuij J A*lall ajgJ ajjuujji AjajlaJl ajijjll ^aja t<»5 J fl2

jjAjaia jA A*iflll t—fllliiij tl g J^Vnnlj 1 g lu^aali ajLj] L^njLa Jc (_j£juill AJJIj ¡j^a^ij OJJ^A Al-Mayali,) ¿> jc ^la ji^a I^aaAij jalj jj^ .kiaj Aa^ Jiui A*la ¿с l^ijj 4 JjVl c> Ju^ll Jl lii^j ¿¿I Ulc Axiaj t(5 JfLS h) (2009, p. 121 jyi AlJaluLa (^-¿»a) A*jla с - u^iTn jlxll A*lkl! j^j-a ¿y ^.jJlbj ^aLiac alia tgjjJal jl JL

—jLaxi&ill Ale. ¡jja^j ¿y JJllI <ajuikll jj^jjj (J^jJull laAjqiJ JJJ^ IgJ (Aietij Cllli

CjljaLall AJ3 AaJ tAjjjill Aj^a. J jju^aa-A ^JJJ J Jill —^jiaJlj J Jill

Al-Awawdah, ) s Jajuij i-lia A*1S3I ¿у* iajuojVI <ajujall &¿JAjJLj AiludA "¿Joaa (JJaluiA Jc. (jj^J Ajj^a-А AjjjI Axlkll ¿уь ^jill <ajoiall Jj (2009, p. 25

¿Lbll Lai

tA Ik да " 11 AoLVI Al Jj^J Ala JAaVI 5-LiujoiL ^Jtll ^L¿all <Jjia Jc

KangOO, 2018, ) lK^I AlJaluiA ^IjjI AjMIj Allele Aa^a CjlljjuaaJ Jc. c^J^aj jLejudll ujLI ja Jc ^liJall ц^jliaj La£ tlja ajj>>i&i^ AjjLuijl Alia. J L<ig_La jLiil pp_ 100-101) AJLaJdll AjjIJl J jyi (JALIuia La^la LJJILj ¿jLJI lAJAc (JSjuill AIILIUIA ajjj£ aLiA

_А*1з1| ¿y AjjjslSI

¿laall ^JUU

jjx-a*ll J Igj t" 1 lixjj Jill Al^aa^all jljjj,iVIj ^^ISl! (ja (JjIa jjbu Ljjjjo Aaiala ^lejj 1 ^CljXu^alj-allj ajLalill (jja jjAUlj Aja^oiVI CliLuijlall ¡jc ^^iAx¿all JaaJl f-jjl Jajuojll

(6 J^ : Jajj)

¿jc. ^SJj-allj (j. ^I&. лП jxi^jJl AjsIjc. J^a (jli 1 j 11 in (J^J^& 1 «J > nVj alt Clll aaJ La^-a &jj"1 i—uiL ^

Al-Mayali, 2009 : jMj ^^ u^ u^ . ¿^Sl ^^ ^ bjjj^ aj ДLua. alt (j^jVI ajL

AjjS Ajj^aJl SjLa*ll Jl Vji-aJ ^jlt 3-aJJiSll lAjj.^-ir. iLa SjLo*]l La j!)La 1 Ц;^-4-&& tj& j ^«J 17

(Jji ^iqlll ¿>л • ts^- ^¿l^ljll Ijj^ ¿И1 ^ baj LLLULLUI Jj-aj

Al-Awawdah, 2009

арабистика евразии Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 6, June 2019

eurasian arabic studies „ it,,& t< t<

ЕВРАЗИЯАРАбИСТИКАСЫ 2019 J^J^ JJ*> ^bullJ^Jl

4 jWt i ¡ivf ^jjju) jLuoljl <¿1 |ЛА А2Ьа l^J jL 1д jjc. ¡jp bjjjui Cli 2

.^LkLJ! Ajj^JI ¿aUall villi Jo Ьjki^lj <¿¡11 4_;jLwlaII jIj&VI jJJ (JjL^aaj jjJ^ jLax-a p Iji iiltiA jtj jJJJ diajl! (Jbli. .3

j&V UibLS^J J^ac. qa l^Ljjb <¿¡11 JIjVI jJJj c^J^Vl Ji

_4_mlutill ojliallj 4_mL-al! e jjS La Jijsu A^LlI jjLaxI!

^jxLall pUaill -¿c. ClijLui Jj Ь-la-a LiuiAlA Laliaj 4jjjj-dll ^uuj pi.4

" .""^J ^^-o^L-oVS /jjylj jjjwaaJi 4 Ac. jj-uaajlj p ЫЕ11 Clija.

Klj^Vlj ^IjJUiVI jlj-la. ¿jljj! (Ja^oI l^lLpbL-aj 4 a&.&^-v 4_i*_ulall CllLuj^Iil] J

.^.J^lll <J*IJ pjl^llj

jA jjjil! (jjjjjlj^all (Ja^, jl 4_mlutill t—ijjaJl \g 10 Clijiuii <¿¡1! 4_;jLa*-al! ^cjLul! jlaal _ 5 jt£J tpAJ^b <¿1 ^a^Vi ^JJjxll j^LxlSj 4jiLliVlj 4_ jLaxll jA ijMlj 4-pliJl CjIjSlball jjJali <¿1 ALal (Jj tAjJjjVI -lauijil jjj^al! OjLaxll <_5lc. tilli J-&jfci jl jA

4jJa^il! jM^aC- 4_;jLa*ll

Jl^oVI Cjb rlJJVI Jl lt^ V-JJ-" ^^^ (—ilc.! C-ilaUS! 6

_4j ¿jIJI t j AIiLIuiaIIj 4ju jaII (JL &¿-la-lstl! 1 g ~s jlaj p^Uil! iajjj 4£j^lLa j ^glc- (¿La (j^ik i_5lc. 4jat_a-al! p !)Ш| CliLaluiS _ 7

4 (—aj jlaij Luj 4jl3j jl jjuiaJl IjlA (Jljpi (.^-"Ч j La£ (JJISSjuiaIIJ JAI&I I^AA i 4-daJaa-& ^ jLaj Ljjjuj ^ oAluLAII р!Й1! .8

jailaallj (j£jusll clili c-jsjaii 4jtla ^ jja 1а£ о j^ij a^iajjaaj ^^laj

jLa-^VL ^-fijj^ajA (JjLa ¿jjilal ^JajuiJ ^¿fljuill lAIJIuaa ^ 4_]jjjual! ^bUll j!jjujI V"ur.J 9

jljA^ LgJ CliajjJai j jljxuVI pLaliAVL La£ tL^aluii jl 4jtlalt ¿jl jla.1 & t ^& ^Luilall

J jV j<a (¿j^aV& jjuill "¿AjLuiaj 4_ial j P^^^ll рзад-а SAjLui

4jIjo1| c5_ul ^¿c. j Lb ji jjuii Jauijiu { &¿jjuiS-La J 4 1aa (J^IAa 4j jjjjiII p ^ASlI likuu, ] Q

.A*JSSl plaSI v-a^aj ^ &¡>JJJ^> jL^JJ jL^jJ (J^AaII)

j jJluSLajl

: jlj .¿jjUI! ^ JaISII .(2009) ^ > &j^&Vi OjI .1

.13(1 ^bai jb

jb ijjiiijL _ ji^Lll pjjii .(1850) . jj jj jj^li JIAG t^ljill JJ! 2

lulkLill 4^UL

арабистика евразии Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 6, June 2019

eurasian arabic studies л , & « „ & . .

ЕВРАЗИЯДРА6ИСТИКАСЫ 2019 J^J^ JJi< ^J*^ <AlbutljOll

^X^V! flLJl AjjjaJl SjU*Jl J аЫЫ .(2007) ^ijoll .3

-L5JLAlaJl & # AjjAaJl AjajaI^VI ; у^л tojAlill jjj-ssusJI jic. . Jt-a* ibjb\M . jbbll ^Jja .(1959).¿y Ала! t^jjXi]! .4 pyиA .(2015) AIC. /jj ciijiib ¿¿¡I AJC. ^JI ¿JJAII t-jlg-u) t^jAail .5

• 5(T jb

aJja J^Lk J!J*il ujkjJo^j^ gOtfll .(2009) .cU^a jlj^j сJluJl .6 jjc jiLu^U aJUOJ tl^jJUC-J 1917 / 1534 J&uiixil J^iaVl

_АааЬ». /¿jjiula

1914 Чй^ ^Ijx]! i^j J IjWJt jjUJl .(2016) U&J^J <c?M .7

.jIAsu АллЬ». _ a j jjula jjc at 4_ajJa! с J 958 —

J Jj^jajl! j Aja^AjuiV! A_Jajuijll Aijuils ,(2009) &j&&"& taJjij*Jl §

ulu^U Alius j " 2Lu2LuaVI Aj3 \l! dl:ia Л) " A±J О Alia. AjaMjuiVI a )U*Jl Aj jIajlaIS A ui V^It A ;K iAjiJajli ^laill Ал-а1а. ¡/jAxuJs _S jj-uila jjjC.

_ Ji j*]l all dil jj-uila /a jLwtil ayt a .(2003) &(j^^r ,9

."ajllLa ^VHe" A^^UVt ajLuJl ¿a Cj|*Lifl .(2006) .^J*^ ijjAjUJl jjj.10

.Aja^LuiVI Ailiiili A^u^alc. v_da Alij Jc. ¿jj (jjAll JJJ tOiaLuiajI j jjjjluati! алШ1 j^S&i .(201 1) . ц^С-Ьш)! t.Lala. _ I I

AcXilall AjaL jb ; jj-ла tajjall j

•t^J1 ¿Ъ* ^ J ^.jj^ ¿u^& .(2018) .(¿s^j^ <j^,12

Ajuiu)ja ; (J^iuLaJ _ j-s&l^ L_LUIJ4 Ала.JJ -Jauijlall (jiaja, J ^^IvbuVI (jslt ч а/.":^! .(2015) .jj jal j (Jjibe ила-л i ^jl> n _ ] 3

. ¿Aa^l dj!jlllj Ailaiill ^ jj! AljA

;jbaa ta jAlflll (jillAjVb j y^aklij AaLuixJl ,(1958) jr -lie. JJ*a-a i^]bjo_14

AebJall j&lxxill jb

Ал-ika ; jA-a-a tajAlall . jj^i J jl.(2006) .^U- &^3^.15

.CJJ^1 fr&j^j

шАллУи^\ jjjuiaxjl J JajuijVI ¿J^& UJ^ .(1977) .(JjC-buui! ."&л»& J 5

jjuixaj cj jb jAlill

^^ mjj^1 fbl .(1984) . Jj* ¿^Uilja <Jja.l7

_ wSullj Ac-biall jSall jb ; Qblall

-щщщт

арабистика евразии eurasian arabic studies

ЕВРАЗИЯ АРАЕИСТИКАСЫ

&.^jjèi. J* u-41^ f0*^ y .¿¿juSLÎbJl ^jà .(2015) .J.<0-^.18

.AeULl] ¿L-hJ! JA\

.(2005 - 1980 ) hjy* J hJ^ ¿^V! ù- UU 25 ifc-jlj

.jj^! - JU1V5 jl3VI ^ .(2005)

JBUl jb ijjjj &¿JU*]I ji AejjuijA .(2000) <<^1.20

JJUdill j <Ukl]

21.Fales, F.M. (1997). Siria. Guida all&archeologia e ai monumenti. Venezia.

22.Eydoux, H.-P. (1982). Les chateaux du soleil: forteresses et guerres des Croisés. Paris.

23.Deschamps, P. (1973). Les châteaux des croisées en Terre sainte. Paris.

24. Burns, R. (1994). Monuments of Syria. London.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

1. Ibn al-Atheer, Izz al-Din Abi Hassan Ali. (2009). Alkamil fi alttarikh [Complete history], Beirut, Lebanon: Dar iihya alturath al&arabi. (In Arabic)

2. Abu al-Fida, Imad al-Din ibn Muhammad ibn Omar. (1850). Taqwim albaladan [Country assessment], Paris: Dar taba&at alsultania. (In Arabic)

3. Al-Juhini, Muhammad. (2007). Itlalatan alaa al&marat alharbiat fi shrq al&alam aPiislamii abr al&usur [A view of the military architecture in the eastern Islamic world through the ages], Cairo, Egypt: Alakadymiat alhadithat lilkitab aljami&i. (In Arabic)

4. Al-Balazeri, Ahmad ibn Yahya (1959). Futuh albuldan [The countries are opening], Cairo, Egypt. (In Arabic)

5. Hamawi, Shahabuddin Abi Abdullah Yaqoot bin Abdullah. (2015). Ma"jam albaldani [Glossary of countries], Beirut: Dar Sader. (In Arabic)

6. Al-Mayali, Rajwan Faisal. (2009). Alqila& fi wasat wajanub al&iraq khilal fatrat alaihtilal al&ithmanii 1534 / 1917 takhtitaha wa&imaratuha [Castles in the center and south of Iraq during the period of the Ottoman occupation 1534/1917 Planning and architecture]. Unpublished Master thesis. Baghdad University. (In Arabic)

7. Al-Mayali, Rajwan Faisal. (2016). Al&amayir al&askariat fi wasat al&iraq wajanubih 1914 - 1958 [Military Buildings in Central and Southern Iraq

121

Арабистика Евразии, № 6, Июнь 2019 Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 6, June 2019 2019 jjjjj iijLJji!

арабистика евразии eurasian arabic studies

ЕВРАЗИЯ ДРА611СТИКАСЫ

1914-1958]. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation. Baghdad University. (In Arabic)

8. Al-Awawdah, Hussein Mahmoud Issa. (2009). Falsifat alwasatiat al&iislamiat waltajrid fi al&amarat aPiislamiat, halatan dirasiatan „alwahadat alzakhrifiat al&iislamia" [Philosophy of Islamic Methodism and Abstraction in Islamic Architecture, Case Study „Islamic Decorative Units"]. Unpublished Master Thesis. Palestine: An-Najah National University, Faculty of Architecture. (In Arabic)

9. Bakain, Hanna. (2003). Mu&jam al&imarati [Dictionary of Architecture], Baghdad: Publications of the Iraqi Academy of Sciences. (In Arabic)

10.El-Abidine, Mahmoud Zine. (2006). Fada&at min al&amarat al&islamia „Maqalat mukhtara" [Spaces of Islamic Architecture „Selected Articles"]. Damascus: printed at the expense of Aleppo, the capital of Islamic culture. (In Arabic)

11.Hamed, Ismail. (2011). Ashhur alqadat al&askariiyn al&arab walmuslimina, Nur Aldiyn Bin Zinky [The most famous Arab and Muslim military leaders, Noureddine Ben Zanki], Giza, Egypt: Dar tayibat liltaba&ati. (In Arabic)

12.Kangoo, Yusuf, Wakira, Tsuniki. (2018). Tarikh suriat fi miat mawqie athri [History of Syria in 100 archaeological sites]. Translated by Joseph Kangoo. Damascus: Muasasat alsaalhani liltaba&ati. (In Arabic)

13.Salim, Mohammed Abbas and others. (2015). Iktashaf alfan al&islamii fi hawd almutawasit [Discover Islamic art in the Mediterranean], Abu Dhabi Authority for Culture and Heritage Cultural Complex. (In Arabic)

14.Saleem, Mahmoud Abdel Aziz. (1958). Almasajid walqusur bialandalus [Mosques and palaces in Andalusia. Cairo, Egypt: Dar alma&arif liltabaeat walnashr. (In Arabic)

15.Azab, Khalid. (2006). &Aswar waqil&at salah aldiyn alaywby [The walls and citadel of Saladin], Cairo, Egypt: Mutba&at zuhara& alsharaq. (In Arabic)

16.Allam, Nemat Ismail. (1977). Finun alshrq al&awsat fi al&usur alislamiata [Arts of the Middle East in the Islamic Ages], Cairo: Dar alma&arif bimisr. (In Arabic)

17.Viz, Wolfgang Mueller. (1984). Alqalae &ayam alhurub alsalibiatu [Castles during the Crusades], Translated by: Mohamed Walid A1 Ah&-ш

açj^jj. арабистика евразии eurasian arabic studies

ЕВРАЗИЯ АРАБИСТИКАСЫ

123

Jallad, Review: Saad Tayan. Damascus: Dar alfikr liltabaeat walnashr. (In Arabic)

18.Lewis, Bernard. (2015). Firqat alhashashin [A1 - Hashashin band]. Translation: Lt. Col. Elias Farhat. Beirut Al-daar albayda& liltabae. (In Arabic)

19.Places and times: 25 &amaan min al&abhath al&athariat fi suria (1980 -2005) [25 years of archaeological research in Syria (1980 - 2005)]. (2005). Damascus: German Archeology Institute - Orient Department. (In Arabic)

20.Qajah, Juma Ahmed. (2000). Mawsu&atan fan al&amarat aPiislamia [Encyclopedia of Islamic Architecture], Beirut: Dar almultaqaa liltabaeat walnashr. (In Arabic)

21.Fales, F.M. (1997). Siria. Guida alParcheologia e ai monumenti. Venezia. (In Italian)

22.Eydoux, H.-P. (1982). Les chateaux du soleil: forteresses et guerres des Croisés. Paris. (In French)

23.Deschamps, P. (1973). Les châteaux des croisées en Terre sainte. Paris. (In French)

24.Burns, R. (1994). Monuments of Syria. London.

Information about the authors

Dr. Rajwan Faisal Al-Mayali Faculty of Archaeology University of Qadisiyah Iraq

rajwan. faisal@qu. edu. iq

M. Lateef Tayyeh Hassoon Faculty of Archaeology University of Qadisiyah Iraq

lateef_1983@yahoo. com

JliiVI .1

^ IJ 4_ь-<аА - ] (J^ -2

¿l^aJLa jAjaaJ (JikArt -4