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https://doi.org/10.29013/ESR-20-1.2-73-77
Megrelidze Tamaz,,
Department of Food Industry, Georgian Technical Universityy
Tbilisi, Georgia Isakadze Tamaz,
Department of Food Industryy Georgian Technical Universityy
Tbilisi, Georgia Tabatadze Lali,
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Mathematics, Technology and Pharmacy, Sokhumi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Gugulashvili Givi,
Department of Food Industry, Georgian Technical University,
Tbilisi, Georgia Kintsurashvili Ketevan,
Department of Food Industry, Georgian Technical University,
Tbilisi, Georgia Kopaliani Tamar,
Department of Food Industry, Akaki Tsereteli state University,
Tbilisi, Georgia E-mail: tamazmegrelidze@gmail.com
THE POSSIBILITY OF OBTAINING TEA SUCH AS PARAGUAYAN MATE FROM THE CAUCASIAN RHODODENDRON
Abstract. The question is raised of identifying and producing products with nutritional, preventive and therapeutic properties that are important for human life and health. Unique tonic and other useful indicators of a drink (tea) made from Paraguayan mate and Caucasian Rhododendron, critical for human health, are examined and the similarity of indicators of both drinks is shown. It has been proved that Paraguayan mate can be replaced by Caucasian Rhododendron, which will provide the possibility of producing mate type tea in Georgia. This will expand the raw material base for the production of this expensive product and will make it possible for Georgia to become a producer of the product required worldwide. It is shown that for a complete replacement it is necessary to ensure the maximum approximation of the taste indices of both products, which requires the implementation of appropriate research and experimental work.
In today&s world, it is very important for us, as produce highly effective products that will have well as all over the world, to identify, create and both nutritional, preventive and curative properties. Particular importance is given to products capable of timely and fully releasing oxidants and other harmful substances accumulated in the human body (such products are also called functional products).
The impact on human health of food products depends on both the chemical composition of the raw material and its processing technology and the use of optimal technological equipment. Therefore discovering and researching new resources for food production and their effective use is a very important and topical issue. Due to the importance of the issue, intensive scientific and research work is underway both with us and abroad. The main purpose of these studies is to obtain and produce non-toxic food-preventive products with ecologically pure, pleasant organoleptic and biological properties, using raw materials innature.
In this regard, the Georgian vegetable world is distinguished by its great diversity and richness of nutritional and therapeutic properties. Plants rich in a wide variety ofbiologically active substances are abundant here with a wide variety of nutritional and medicinal properties. Among such plants, the Caucasian Rhododendron (Ghododendron caucassicum Fahl), or the Caucasian Deca, is notable.
Material and Methods
One of the most important products for human health is Paraguayan tea, or "mate tea", made from the leaves and young shoots of the tropical plant Ilex Paraguerinsis St.Hil.
Matte tea became a true gastronomic hit in Europe just 10-15 years ago, but it was not the beginning of the popularity of this unique drink. Its tonic and other beneficial properties were known centuries ago, but these properties were only available in the 20th century after scientific research.
Matte has a truly unique chemical composition, which is why it is often referred to as a "store of useful properties". It contains a very large number of vitamins and microelements, and at the expense of it has remarkably potent healing properties.
Figure 1. Mate tea utensils calabash; bombilla
According to the Pasteur Institute in Paris and the Paris Scientific Society, matte contains vitamins A, C, E, P, all B vitamins, magnesium, calcium, iron, copper, sulfur, nicotine and pantothenic acids and many more.
Matte contains matine, which acts similar to the positive effects of caffeine on humans,
but differs from it in the absence of adverse effects. In particular, it does not cause an increase in heart rate, nerve palsy. Matein is a stimulant for both physical and mental activities of humans, but with milder effects than caffeine. If caffeine acts on humans for 3-3.5 hours, exposure to methane lasts for 9-10 hours, but it does not cause accustomment. Matte reduces depression, neurosis, and regulates the sleep cycle.
Scientists point to the immune-stimulating effect of drinking. They also suggest that matte is often used by residents of large cities, as it contains oxygen and chlorophyll to purify the blood. In addition, mate tea enhances appetite, stimulates heart rate, expands capillaries, lowers blood pressure and more. It is noteworthy that a comparison with green tea found in the Journal of Alternative Medicine that mate tea is very rich in polyphenols and its antioxidant properties exceed the antioxidant properties of green tea. Traditionally, matte is found to be much more effective in producing polyphenols than green tea and red wine and in increasing their blood concentration.
Due to the many unique properties mentioned above, mate tea is in high demand not only in Europe and South America but worldwide. But as we mentioned, the raw materials needed to produce the matte are tropical. The native of this endemic plant are the countries of South America: Paraguay, Argentina, Chile and Brazil. Because of this, the raw material resources needed for production are extremely limited, leading to unmet market demand and cost.
Existing problems have put on the agenda the discovery of alternative raw materials for the production of mate tea-like beverages and the development of technology for the production of the corresponding products from these raw materials.
In Georgia, based on the search for alternative raw materials, the plant - Rhododendron caucasi-cum Pall, or Caucasian Decca, which is very close to the mate tea raw material, is selected based on its structural-mechanical characteristics and chemical-biological properties. Rhododendron is also an endemic plant, but unlike mace it is common in the Caucasus. In Georgia it is mainly found in the mountains of Svaneti, Tusheti and Bakhmaro.
Figure 2. Caucasian Decca
With its chemical composition, rhododendron is almost unlike mate. It contains a large number of essential elements for human health and life, such as flavonoids, tannins, arbutins,
essential oils, sugars, Vitamin C, nicotine and pantothenic acids, etc. Its composition includes all the metals needed for humans: magnesium, calcium, potassium, iron, copper, sulfur, etc. However, virtually every element in the composition of the Caucasian Rhododendron is characterized by drug properties.
It is these properties that make the Caucasian Rhododendron extremely useful for humans. It enhances the release of sweat and thus releases toxins and other harmful substances from the body, regulates body temperature and reduces heat when cooled, removes cholesterol from the blood, soothes the nervous system, burns fats and helps to lose weight, helping to reduce diarrhea Ave. draws, strengthens the heart muscle contractions and blood flow in the body, reduces venous pressure, the benefits of rheumatism, epilepsy and kolitebisa case.
These healing properties of rhododendron have been known since ancient times and have been widely used (and are still used) in public health areas. Scientific research has made it possible to make many medicines from rhododendron that are used against various diseases. They are currently used to treat the following diseases: cardiovascular problems, rheumatism, dental problems, insomnia, joint diseases, upper respiratory diseases, overweight, stomach problems, nervous disorders, osteochondrosis, etc. Rhododendron crude leaves can be used to treat dangerous metal poisoning such as mercury. It should be noted that rhododendron does not contain strong alkaloids (caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline), which gives it an advantage over mate.
Results and Discussion
As we can see, the Paraguayan Matte and the Caucasian Rhododendron are similar not only in chemical composition but also in human health benefits.
These two products are similar in their negative effects on the human body. Both Paraguayan mate and Caucasian Rhododendron tea are undesirable for pregnant and lactating women, for people with allergic reactions and kidney disease and for children aged 10-12 years. It should be noted that the basic technological processes for making Caucasian
Rhododendron and Paraguay mate tea are similar. To obtain the Paraguay mat, the leaves and small stem (less than 4 mm in diameter) are coated, fixed on open fire, dried at 800 C- to final moisture content of 5-7%, crushed to 4-6 mm in size and stored in a dark dry place. Caucasian rhododendron is also harvested from leaves, small stem (less than 4 mm in diameter) and flowers, dried in shade under natural conditions or artificially at 50-60 to final moisture content of 5-7%, crushed to 4-6 mm in size and stored in the dark. In a dry place.
Accordingly, in terms of processing technology, the difference mainly lies in the process of raw material fixing using open fire. This difference plays a very important role in shaping the taste and aroma of these two targeted products. In view of the foregoing, it can be safely assumed that the Paraguayan mat can be replaced by the Caucasian Rhododendron. This will create an opportunity for the production of mate tea in Georgia, which will increase the raw material base for the production of a very useful product for human health and contribute to the improvement of socio-economic issues.
In order to achieve the best results, it is necessary to conduct scientific studies to maximize the flavor and aroma of these two products.
Conclusion
It can be said that besides the Caucasian Rhododendron there is no other plant that, like the Paraguayan mate, has such a wide range of positive effects on human health. The Caucasian Rhododendrons can be freely replaced by the Paraguayan mate as they resemble each other in chemical composition, with a positive impact on human life and health, and with recycling technology.
Such a replacement would be beneficial to consumers of these products, as the expansion of the raw material base would increase the number of products produced. And Georgia could become the world&s most demanding product producer, which will have a positive impact on its economy. It is also worth noting, however, that the complete replacement of the Paraguayan mate would require a maximum convergence of their taste properties, which would require some scientific and experimental research.
References:
Acknowledgement: We thank for to the financial support of Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation Georgia
Funding acknowledgement statement: the article funded by is supported by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, Georgia, No. FR-18-566 dated 22. 02. 2018 "Biotechnological Foundations of Mate Type Tea").
